The Aphantasia-Hyperphantasia spectrum
NanayOctober 2025
Abstract
Research into imagery vividness in recent year has been predominantly about the difference between aphantasics and the rest of us (or, more rarely, between hyperphantasics and the rest of us). But differences in imagery vividness have great impact on a number of important psychological phenomena in non-aphantasics as well. Hence, instead of the binary focus on aphantasics vs. the rest of us, more attention should be devoted to how differences along the aphantasia-hyperphantasia spectrum correspond to other gradual differences, in decision-making, emotion-regulation, cravings, mental health issues and so on.
Our summary in plain words
What This Study Is About
How They Studied It
What They Found
- Voluntary vs. Involuntary: Some people cannot picture things on purpose but still experience "flashes" of imagery or vivid dreams, while others have no mental imagery at all.
- The Five Senses: While some only lack visual imagery, others lack imagery for all senses, such as being unable to "hear" a song in their head or "smell" a phantom scent.
- Brain Processing: Some individuals with aphantasia still show brain activity that suggests their mind is "seeing" a shape even if they aren't consciously aware of it, while others do not show this same activity.
What This Might Mean
One Interesting Detail
This summary was written with AI and may contain errors. Check the original paper.
Authors
Bence Nanay
4 papers in the library
Cite this paper
Nanay, B. (2025). The aphantasia-hyperphantasia spectrum. Neuropsychologia, 109293. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109293
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