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Four-Factor Imagination Scale

Asessing the frequency, complexity, emotional valence, and directedness of imagination
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How does your imagination work?

The Four-Factor Imagination Scale (FFIS) is a psychological measure that assesses four distinct aspects of imagination:

  • Frequency: How often you engage in imaginative thinking
  • Complexity: How detailed and intricate your imaginings are
  • Emotional Valence: The emotional tone of your imaginings
  • Directedness: How purposeful or goal-oriented your imaginings are

Note: This survey is not a diagnostic tool. It is part of a research study exploring potential subtypes of imagery experiences, including aphantasia and hyperphantasia.

Instructions: Below are a series of statements about imagination and daydreaming. Please read each statement carefully and indicate how accurately it describes you. There are no right or wrong answers, so please be as honest as possible in your responses.

How accurately does each statement describe you?

My fantasies do not involve many details
When I imagine my future, I like to plan its details
My daydreams are directed towards a specific outcome
Imagining my future makes me feel blue
I am lost in imagination most of the time
I become depressed when imagining my future
I spend much of my time daydreaming
I find myself lost in imagination very frequently
My imaginings are not very complex
My daydreams have a clear goal
I often fantasize about impossible things
My fantasies are less detailed than most peoples'
I get lost in my fantasies
The things I imagine make me sad
I get lost in thoughts that aren't related to what's going on around me
I visualize negative outcomes for the future of the world
My fantasies are quite purposeful
I find myself daydreaming often
My mind wanders in unpredictable ways
There is a purpose for my fantasies
Most people seem to have more complex imaginations than me
I have difficulty picturing the details of a situation I have not previously experienced
My fantasies lead to negative emotions
Imagining things in the future makes me fearful
Sometimes it is as though I wake up from daydreaming
My daydreams are unpleasant
Zabelina, D. L., & Condon, D. M. (2020). The Four-Factor Imagination Scale (FFIS): a measure for assessing frequency, complexity, emotional valence, and directedness of imagination. Psychological Research, 84(8), 2287–2299. doi:10.1007/s00426-019-01227-w

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