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Vividness as the similarity between generated imagery and an internal model

DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105988
Riley, S. N., & Davies, J. (2023). Vividness as the similarity between generated imagery and an internal model. Brain and Cognition, 169, 105988. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105988

Abstract

This research explores the concept of vividness in visual mental imagery (VMI) and its relation to an internal model. While the representational format and neural mechanisms of VMI have been extensively studied, the role of vividness has received comparatively less attention. The paper reframes vividness as the proximity of generated imagery to an internal model and considers its implications in understanding the role of the visual cortex in VMI. Although existing research suggests that early visual areas encode low-level visual features, correlational and causal evidence also indicates that their involvement in VMI may not be explicit. The conflicting results could be reconciled by a deeper investigation of vividness. The study proposes using self-reports, such as the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, to measure vividness in VMI. The study may have implications for understanding aphantasia, a lack of mental imagery experiences.

Authors

  • Sean N. Riley1
  • Jim Davies1

Understanding Vividness in Visual Mental Imagery

Overview/Introduction

This research delves into the fascinating world of visual mental imagery (VMI), focusing on the concept of vividness. Vividness in VMI refers to how clear and detailed our mental pictures are. While previous studies have explored how our brains create these images, the role of vividness has been somewhat overlooked. This study aims to redefine vividness as the closeness of our mental images to an internal model, offering new insights into how our brains, particularly the visual cortex, contribute to these mental pictures.

Methodology

To explore vividness in VMI, the researchers propose using self-reported measures, such as the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire. This tool allows participants to rate the clarity and detail of their mental images. By analyzing these self-reports, the study seeks to understand how vividness relates to the internal models our brains use to generate mental imagery.

Key Findings

  • Vividness as Proximity: The study suggests that vividness can be understood as how closely our mental images match an internal model, rather than just being a measure of clarity or detail.
  • Role of the Visual Cortex: While early visual areas in the brain are known to encode basic visual features, their exact role in creating vivid mental images is still debated. This research proposes that vividness might help clarify their involvement.
  • Implications for Aphantasia: The study also touches on aphantasia, a condition where individuals cannot form mental images. Understanding vividness could provide insights into why some people experience aphantasia.

Implications

This research could have several practical implications:
  • Enhanced Understanding of Mental Imagery: By redefining vividness, we can gain a better understanding of how our brains create and process mental images.
  • Potential Applications in Therapy: Insights into vividness and VMI could inform therapeutic approaches for individuals with aphantasia or other conditions affecting mental imagery.
  • Improved Cognitive Models: The study's findings could help refine cognitive models that explain how we visualize and recall images.

Limitations

While the study offers valuable insights, there are some limitations to consider:
  • Reliance on Self-Reports: The use of self-reported measures like questionnaires may introduce subjective bias, as individuals' perceptions of vividness can vary.
  • Need for Further Research: More research is needed to fully understand the neural mechanisms behind vividness and its role in VMI.
In summary, this research sheds light on the often-overlooked concept of vividness in visual mental imagery, offering new perspectives on how our brains create and process mental images. By exploring vividness as the proximity of imagery to an internal model, the study opens up new avenues for understanding mental imagery and its implicati...