Different Mechanisms for Supporting Mental Imagery and Perceptual Representations: Modulation Versus Excitation
Abstract
Recent research suggests imagery is functionally equivalent to a weak form of visual perception. Here we report evidence across five independent experiments on adults that perception and imagery are supported by fundamentally different mechanisms: Whereas perceptual representations are largely formed via increases in excitatory activity, imagery representations are largely supported by modulating nonimagined content. We developed two behavioral techniques that allowed us to first put the visual system into a state of adaptation and then probe the additivity of perception and imagery. If imagery drives similar excitatory visual activity to perception, pairing imagery with perceptual adapters should increase the state of adaptation. Whereas pairing weak perception with adapters increased measures of adaptation, pairing imagery reversed their effects. Further experiments demonstrated that these nonadditive effects were due to imagery weakening representations of nonimagined content. Together these data provide empirical evidence that the brain uses categorically different mechanisms to represent imagery and perception.
Authors
- Thomas Pace1
- Roger Koenig-Robert1
- Joel Pearson28
Understanding Mental Imagery and Visual Perception: A New Perspective
Overview/Introduction
Methodology
Key Findings
- Different Mechanisms: The study found that perception and imagery rely on different brain mechanisms. Perception is driven by increased neural activity, while imagery works by modulating or reducing the activity related to non-imagined content.
- Imagery's Unique Role: When participants imagined visual stimuli, it actually reversed the effects of visual adaptation, unlike perception, which increased adaptation.
- Imagery Vividness: The vividness of mental imagery played a significant role. More vivid imagery had a stronger effect on reversing adaptation, suggesting that the clearer the mental image, the more it can influence perception.