Where’s Wanda? The influence of visual imagery vividness on visual search speed measured by means of hidden object pictures
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated effects of visual imagery on search speed in visual search paradigms. However, these effects were rather small, questioning their ecological validity. Thus, our present study aimed to generalize these effects to more naturalistic material (i.e., a paradigm that allows for top-down strategies in highly complex visual search displays that include overlapping stimuli while simultaneously avoiding possibly confounding search instructions). One hundred and four participants with aphantasia (= absence of voluntary mental imagery) and 104 gender and age-matched controls were asked to find hidden objects in several hidden object pictures with search times recorded. Results showed that people with aphantasia were significantly slower than controls, even when controlling for age and general processing speed. Thus, effects of visual imagery might be strong enough to influence the perception of our real-life surroundings, probably because of the involvement of visual imagery in several top-down strategies.
Authors
- Merlin Monzel23
- Martin Reuter15
Overview/Introduction
Methodology
Key Findings
- Slower Search Times for Aphantasia: People with aphantasia took significantly longer to find hidden objects compared to those who could visualize images in their minds.
- Impact of Visual Imagery: The vividness of visual imagery was linked to faster search times, suggesting that those who can create clearer mental images are quicker at spotting hidden objects.
- Age and Processing Speed: While age initially appeared to slow down search speed, this effect was explained by general processing speed, meaning that older participants were generally slower due to overall slower cognitive processing.