Imagery and hallucination look related but aren't the same thing. This covers pseudo-hallucinations, the Ganzflicker effect, and where perception and imagination overlap.

This apple illusion allows people who can't visualize to temporarily 'see' an image that isn't there—using visual perception to demonstrate what others experience through their imagination.
Aphantasia Network · October 2023

On rare occasions in the morning, between sleep and awake, when the images from my dreams float behind my eyes, that’s when I revel in what it must be like to “see” imagery.
Liana Scott · December 2022
Panigutti and colleagues · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
This systematic review found only 11 studies on imagery and hallucinations in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and schizophrenia, and none in Lewy body dementia. Seven reported a link and four did not, so the evidence is indecisive.
Pepin and colleagues · Consciousness and Cognition
Involuntary mental imagery is more frequent and vivid than hallucinations, though both share similar phenomenological traits. This suggests these inner experiences exist on a continuum rather than being entirely distinct phenomena.
Incekara and Blom · Frontiers in Psychology
Analysis of Carl Jung's self-reports suggests his anomalous experiences stemmed from hyperphantasia rather than a psychotic disorder. This indicates that extremely vivid imagery can cross a reality threshold and be misidentified as psychosis.
Sulfaro, Robinson and Carlson · Neuroscience of Consciousness
Researchers found that sensory input competes with mental imagery in a hierarchical neural network, preventing thoughts from dominating low-level sensory regions. This explains why mental imagery feels less vivid than real perception and how aphantasia arises from overweighted bottom-up signals.
What defines a hallucination versus a visualization? How do mental health and perception blur the lines between reality and imagination?
Bryan · · 5 replies
How can vivid dreams and musical hallucinations coexist with a lack of conscious imagery? Exploring the mind's paradoxes.
Norma · · 1 reply