If your child can't visualize, they might experience aphantasia. As a parent, you might worry. The important thing to remember is your child can be successful in school. They just need to be aware.
A peculiar trait we adults have is the belief that everyone thinks, learns, and solves problems just the way we do—and if we find out someone doesn’t we can’t help thinking they are either lazy or just not smart. As a teacher and administrator in public education for forty-plus years, I can assure you that we educators are not exempt from this thinking.
Your Child Has You Worried: Aphantasia and Children
If your child can't visualize, they might experience aphantasia.
Where does that leave you with your child, who seems smart enough but is struggling with things that you think should be easy? As a parent, you worry and fret and ask the school to test the kid, and maybe even lose patience with them.
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Steve Waterman is a retired public school district superintendent. Despite still needing a dictionary to write Christmas cards, as an aphantasic, Steve managed to make it as an English major in college, go on to graduate law school, and write many evaluation reports, funding proposals, newsletters, school board agendas, and more. In between travel and the typical things retirees do to fill their days, he is an active volunteer, including as a Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) for fostered youth. Along with his volunteer work, Steve cycles, skis, and does a bit of carpentry.
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The important thing to remember is that your child with aphantasia can be successful in all levels of school. They just need to be aware. Now I may not be able to set your mind at ease, but I might be able to help you begin to understand.
My Life with Aphantasia
For me, it started in 1950 when my kindergarten teacher told me I couldn’t draw. Not that I hadn’t already looked at other kids’ work and realized that. Later, I also couldn’t spell. I would study just before our weekly spelling tests and do alright, but forget remembering the words an hour or day later—and not complicated words either, simple words.
The “Readers Digest” magazine in those days had a regular article called “6 Minutes a Day to Perfect Spelling.” Today's equivalent to Wordle. In eighth and ninth grade I did the spelling exercises religiously. Didn’t help much. I still have a high school paper in which I spelled naturally “natcherly.” My English teacher thought it was pretty funny. We had to take Latin and French in my high school. I spent three hours a night tediously looking up words and carried vocabulary flashcards wherever I went but never did well with passage translations because, like a child who has to sound out every word and loses the sense of a sentence, by the time I had looked up every word I had lost the sense of the passage.
My adviser in college wouldn’t recommend me to ranked graduate schools because - he said - I was an English Major who couldn’t spell. When I read books, I couldn’t picture the scene or characters and couldn’t pronounce or remember the characters’ names (so I often just skipped over names and then got confused about who was who). In last-minute prepping for the California Bar Exam, while others reviewed cases or rules, I focused on the spelling of “Plaintiff” and “defendant”—thinking that if I misspelled those the reader would dismiss the rest of the essay response.
I sometimes wish I had known that it was not my fault that my aphantasia likely contributed to some of my struggles. Also, had I known that there were other children like me, I wouldn’t have felt alone. On the other hand, not knowing resulted in my empathy for the struggles that children with learning differences often face in school.
So Your Child Can’t Visualize?
Your seven-year-old still draws people as “stick people.” Your 9-year-old can remember the basic plot of a story, but not the characters’ names or what they look like. Your child is reading okay, but continues to confuse “through” and “though”. Your child seems to randomly spell—maybe phonetically but always replete with errors. As they get older, their essay writing is slow on tests (because they keep looking in their heads for synonyms that they can spell. They don't tell you that.) Remembering vocabulary and pronunciation of Spanish or French is painfully slow and never lasts. They cannot remember scenes, can’t draw them, and they sometimes have trouble remembering people’s names and faces.
While there is no hard-and-fast rule saying all aphantasic kids experience these things, I have seen commonalities in my years as an educator. Maybe your child experiences some of these, maybe all of them. As a parent, this experience is counterbalanced by the competence they have acquired in alternate skills that will serve them well in life.
For example, your daughter listens intently to the teacher and remembers enough to be a reasonably good student. Your son appreciates the beauty of things he sees and doesn’t fight your desire to take him to the museums. Your child loves listening to music, even if they struggle with an instrument. Your child thinks logically and solves problems. I believe that your child’s own understanding of their struggles will help them be more sensitive to friends’, siblings’, spouses’, and supervisors’ imperfections and quirks.
Image of Steve’s grandson and son were provided by Steve with permission from his son.
Editor’s note (September 2026): The signs and strengths above are Steve’s impressions from his years in schools, not a checklist or a promise. Many of the signs also show up with other learning needs, such as dyslexia, so if you’re concerned about your child’s reading or spelling, talk with the school. We have also updated the advice on testing and tutoring below.
If you do not experience the learning challenges your child with aphantasia may be going through, you might be fretting and trying to “fix” the specific problems—spelling, reading, and writing descriptions, to name a few examples. Parents often have their kids tested for Special Education, and testing is worth doing: it can find or rule out other needs, such as dyslexia, that call for their own kind of help. In the U.S., though, aphantasia on its own isn’t a special education category, so testing may not make your child eligible for special education services. Parents have even talked to me about alternative schools, afterschool programs, back-to-basics tutoring, etc.
Before you sign up for any of these, ask how they teach. A program that leans on picturing (“see the word in your mind”) may frustrate your child. One that teaches through sounds, rules, steps, practice and real examples is worth a try.
Spelling is a very worrying issue for most parents—only because among educated people, basic spelling errors make the reader think the writer is lazy, stupid, or both. So spelling practice and studying spelling “rules” can be useful. Unfortunately, English has so many unusual and non-phonetic words that the rules won’t cover every word. As for spell-checkers, if a misspelling is far from the real word, a spell-checker may not be able to suggest the correct one.
Your child may already have worked out some strategies to get around these areas, so ask what works for them, and help them find more. They really need to believe that you think they are doing their best, are smart, and are worthwhile!
Other Things a Parent Can Do
The first and most important thing a parent can do is to really appreciate that your child has spent the six-hour school day working much harder and with different success than some other kids. Learning with aphantasia comes with its own unique set of challenges. So, when they get home, let them chill and do something they can be successful at.
One of the most important things for all school children is that they feel part of the social fabric of their classroom and school. Thus, developing their skill levels in common games and school-type activities is useful. These activities include throwing and catching a ball, kicking a ball for little ones, running, jumping rope, skipping, building/designing with blocks, playing board and card games, etc.
Because your child is toughing it out in school during the day, they need to engage in some relaxing, fun activities—like hiking, swimming, canoeing, skiing, etc.—when they get home, preferably with parents. Spending quality time with their parents goes a long way. The child knows they are supported and can see that support in their parents’ eyes.
There are no miracles here, largely because there are no terminal deficits. Your child with aphantasia can be successful in all levels of school. They just need to be aware of the things they struggle with, accept that they are struggling, and celebrate the beautiful world and their own advantages.
I didn’t know aphantasia existed until I was 74—just last year—when I read an article in the New York Times. Still, I somehow managed to get through college, grad school, and law school, and hold professional jobs most people think are pretty special.
If you know that your child has aphantasia, you can help make their path a bit easier than mine was. Do it!
A peculiar trait we adults have is the belief that everyone thinks, learns, and solves problems just the way we do—and if we find out someone doesn’t we can’t help thinking they are either lazy or just not smart. As a teacher and administrator in public education for forty-plus years, I can assure you that we educators are not exempt from this thinking.
Your Child Has You Worried: Aphantasia and Children
If your child can't visualize, they might experience aphantasia
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