Aphantasia can shape how people learn, but not whether they can. Many develop alternative strategies, from verbal notes to hands-on practice.

Film adaptations and illustrations can clash with our personal mental images. However, for those with aphantasia, who cannot mentally visualize, these on-screen adaptations offer a uniquely liberating way to experience stories.
Julia Thomas · July 2026

In Part 2 of her review, Hollis Robbins explores what Zeman's book means for those who imagine without images. Drawing on her own experiences with chess, psychedelics, and poetry, she argues that aphantasia is not a deficit but a different cognitive architecture—one that models the world through language. She then turns to presidential rhetoric to ask a provocative question: did Ronald Reagan have aphantasia? And what does it mean when the rhetorical patterns of 'the great communicator' look strikingly like those of an LLM?
Hollis Robbins · February 2026

Hollis Robbins reveals how Mississippi's reading revolution validates what people with aphantasia have always known: you don't need mental pictures to decode language. This essay argues that teaching reading as pure pattern-matching and code-breaking—not visualization—prepares all students for an AI-saturated world.
Hollis Robbins · December 2025

Many assume that everyone can picture scenes in the mind’s eye—but history reveals otherwise. This article explores nineteenth-century writers and scientists who recognized readers without mental imagery—what we now call aphantasia. From George du Maurier to Francis Galton, it traces the surprising origins of today’s understanding of aphantasic readers.
Julia Thomas · October 2025
Martin and colleagues · Learning and Individual Differences
Among 1,451 high school students, weaker imagery went with lower science scores, a gap that was smaller where students said teachers reduced mental load. The authors suggest such teaching may help weak imagers, but the data cannot show cause.
Yavuz and Nazir · Language, Cognition and Neuroscience
Individuals with low mental imagery scores achieved higher vocabulary accuracy than those with high imagery scores. This suggests that a lack of mental imagery may be associated with enhanced verbal or linguistic processing abilities.
Li and Guan · Journal of Emerging Investigators
Speaking more languages correlates with higher VVIQ scores and a lower likelihood of aphantasia. This suggests that multilingualism may enhance cognitive processes underlying mental imagery and potentially act as a protective factor against the condition.
Monzel, Vetterlein and Reuter · Journal of Neuropsychology
Aphantasics performed worse than controls across all tested memory components, including visual and verbal short-term and long-term memory. This indicates that visual imagery plays a critical role in memory systems beyond just autobiographical recall.
Struggling with Mandarin? Share your experiences or tips for learning character-based languages without relying on mental imagery!
Andrew · · 1 reply
Is reading fiction mentally exhausting for you? Do you find yourself re-reading passages or relying heavily on verbal memory? Share your thoughts!
Alex · · 2 replies