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Aphantasia Logo
Back to all articles
Aphantasia Logo

Building awareness and understanding of aphantasia through research, education, and community support.

About

  • What is Aphantasia?
  • What is Hyperphantasia?
  • Take Assessment
  • Getting Started
  • Newsletter
  • About Us
  • Contact

Community

  • Premium Membership
  • Find support
  • Discussions
  • Events
  • Visualize

For Professionals

  • Overview
  • Free Introduction
  • Counselor Training
  • Educator Training
  • List Your Practice
  • Pricing & Bundles

Resources

  • Articles & Stories
  • Videos & Interviews
  • Aphantasia Course
  • FAQs

Research

  • Research Library
  • Participate in Studies
  • Recruitment Services

© 2026 Aphantasia Network. All rights reserved.

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ball on a table, ball on the table, conceptualizer, visualizer

Are You a Visualizer or Conceptualizer? The Ball on a Table Test

The Ball on a Table experiment is a simple visualization test that reveals whether you think in pictures (visualizer) or concepts (conceptualizer). This revealing experiment, originally credited to u/Caaaarrrl, takes less than a minute but provides profound insights into how your mind processes information.

October 8, 20234 min readByTom Ebeyer,Aphantasia Network
StrategiesHyperphantasiaHypophantasia

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About the Authors
TE
Tom Ebeyer@tomebeyer

Founder of Aphantasia Network and one of the pioneering 21 cases that brought aphantasia to light. With a personal journey deeply intertwined with the phenomenon, Tom is at the forefront of raising awareness, fostering community, and championing the unique experiences of those with aphantasia

AN
Aphantasia Network@aphantasianetwork

Aphantasia Network is shaping a new, global conversation on the power of image-free thinking. We’re creating a place to discover and learn about aphantasia. Our mission is to help build a bridge between new scientific discoveries and our unique human experience — to uncover new insight into how we learn, create, dream, remember and more with blind imagination.

ball on a table, ball on the table, conceptualizer, visualizer

Are You a Visualizer or Conceptualizer? The Ball on a Table Test

The Ball on a Table experiment is a simple visualization test that reveals whether you think in pictures (visualizer) or concepts (conceptualizer). This revealing experiment, originally credited to u/Caaaarrrl, takes less than a minute but provides profound insights into how your mind processes information.

October 8, 20234 min readByTom Ebeyer,Aphantasia Network
StrategiesHyperphantasiaHypophantasia

Loading article content...

Share this article

About the Authors
TE
Tom Ebeyer@tomebeyer

Founder of Aphantasia Network and one of the pioneering 21 cases that brought aphantasia to light. With a personal journey deeply intertwined with the phenomenon, Tom is at the forefront of raising awareness, fostering community, and championing the unique experiences of those with aphantasia

AN
Aphantasia Network@aphantasianetwork

Aphantasia Network is shaping a new, global conversation on the power of image-free thinking. We’re creating a place to discover and learn about aphantasia. Our mission is to help build a bridge between new scientific discoveries and our unique human experience — to uncover new insight into how we learn, create, dream, remember and more with blind imagination.

Aphantasia Logo

What Is the Ball on a Table Experiment?

The Ball on a Table experiment is a simple visualization test that reveals whether you think in pictures (visualizer) or concepts (conceptualizer). This revealing experiment, originally credited to u/Caaaarrrl, takes less than a minute but provides profound insights into how your mind processes information.

How to Take the Ball on a Table Test

Follow these steps to discover your thinking style:
  1. Visualize a ball on a table - Visualize (picture, imagine, whatever you want to call it) a ball on a table.
  1. Imagine someone approaches - See or think about a person walking up to the table.
  1. Watch what happens next - The person gives the ball a push. What happens to the ball?
  1. Note your immediate response - Pay attention to how detailed your mental experience was.

What Questions Reveal Your Thinking Style?

After completing the basic visualization, answer these specific questions:
  • What color was the ball?
  • What gender was the person that pushed the ball?
  • What did they look like?
  • What size is the ball? Like a marble, baseball, basketball, or something else?
  • What about the table - what shape was it? What material?
The crucial question: Did you already know these details, or did you have to choose them after being asked?

How Can You Tell If You're a Visualizer or Conceptualizer?

Visualizers immediately have detailed answers and often provide extra information not requested, while conceptualizers focus on the core idea without specific visual details.

What Do Visualizers Experience?

Visualizers typically respond with rich, specific details right away. They might say: "The ball looks like the Pixar Ball - yellow with a blue stripe and red star, about baseball-sized, sitting on a scratched wooden oval table." These individuals are actually seeing a mental movie unfold with colors, textures, and specific characteristics already determined.

What Do Conceptualizers Experience?

Conceptualizers approach this differently. To them, the ball on the table exists primarily as an abstract idea rather than a detailed picture. They understand the physics - a pushed ball will roll and likely fall off - but specific details like color, size, table material, or the person's appearance remain undefined until directly questioned. They grasp the essence without forming detailed imagery.

What Is Aphantasia and How Does It Affect Thinking?

Aphantasia is the inability to voluntarily create visual mental images, affecting how people imagine and recall experiences without diminishing their cognitive abilities.
The term 'aphantasia' comes from the Greek word phantasia (imagination) with "a" meaning "without." However, this translation can be misleading. Aphantasics lack visual imagination but possess a rich conceptual imagination that operates without mental imagery.
People with aphantasia cannot "see" the ball rolling off the table in their minds, but they fully understand the concept and can predict outcomes. Their conceptual imagination allows them to work with ideas, relationships, and abstract concepts just as effectively as visual thinkers work with mental pictures. Their thought process relies on knowledge, logic, and abstract understanding rather than visual representation.

Why Aphantasia Isn't a Limitation

Aphantasia is not a disorder or cognitive deficiency. Many people with aphantasia demonstrate:
  • Sharp spatial reasoning abilities
  • Excellence in abstract thinking
  • Strong problem-solving skills
  • Creative capabilities expressed through different channels
Their cognitive prowess isn't diminished - it's simply channeled through conceptual rather than visual pathways.

What Are the Two Different Thinking Styles?

Visualizing and conceptualizing represent two distinct cognitive approaches first identified in Walter W. Grey's 1963 text "The Living Brain."

Visualizing: The Mental Movie Experience

Visualizing involves creating vivid, detailed mental images. Visualizers "see" scenarios in their mind's eye with:
  • Rich colors and textures
  • Specific shapes and dimensions
  • Intricate environmental details
  • Moving scenes like watching a movie unfold

Conceptualizing: The Abstract Understanding Approach

Conceptualizing focuses on understanding essence without pictorial representation. Conceptualizers process information through:
  • Abstract ideas and relationships
  • Logical frameworks and patterns
  • Knowledge-based understanding
  • Semantic rather than visual memory

Why Does Understanding These Differences Matter?

Recognizing the spectrum of human imagination helps us appreciate that people internalize, process, and recall experiences in remarkably different ways.
The Ball on a Table experiment reveals more than thinking preferences - it illuminates the fundamental diversity of human cognition. While we may share similar experiences, our internal processing varies dramatically.
Some create detailed mental pictures, while others grasp ideas conceptually. Both approaches are equally valid and demonstrate the remarkable variety in how our brains operate.

Practical Applications

Understanding these differences has implications for:
  • Education: Recognizing that students may need different instructional approaches
  • Communication: Adjusting explanations based on thinking styles
  • Self-awareness: Better understanding your own cognitive preferences
  • Relationships: Appreciating how others might process information differently
& much more.

Try the Experiment Yourself

The next time you're with friends or family, try the Ball on a Table experiment. When you ask someone to imagine a situation, remember that not everyone will create a detailed mental picture. Some will see clear visuals, while others will grasp the abstract idea - and both ways of thinking showcase the fascinating diversity of human imagination.


Experiment credit to u/Caaaarrrl.
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Julie McEwan•recently•edited
I seem to be a bit of a mix. I think I am mostly a conceptualiser, but as I’ve become more aware of the spectrum of experiences I’ve become hyper-aware of what my mind may or may not be doing. The table was the timber dining table I was sitting at as I did the experiment. The ball was a yellow kids ball with a bell in it that we own, but I only added that detail after being asked for the colour. Once I added it, I could conceptualise the physics of it falling off the table and the probable sound it made. The person was a disembodied arm that pushed the ball with zero imagery and detail.
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Destiny Schwartz•recently•edited
When taking this test, I didn’t visualize or barely conceptualize, my brain simply noted the facts— there’s a ball, on a table, someone pushes it. There are no details, because I don’t have that information.
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Roy Hancock•recently•edited
I've done this test and few times since finding out about aphantasia, the best I can do is it see nothing but black. However i know the ball is a basket ball on a wooden dining table and it's a man that pushed it, but it's purely conceptual. The best analogy I can come up with is this. If you have a picture or photograph in a frame on your living room wall, stare at it at night with the lights turned off. You know the picture is there and you know what it looks like, you can describe it, but all you can see is blackness.
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merkin667vda0y•recently•edited
Thought really hard but nothing , I can’t picture a colour when I think about it. it’s not really a problem except for if I’m reading or remembering people’s faces. Weirdly I have extremely vivid dreams. Very interesting.
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Matt Roach•recently•edited
I didn't visualize the scene, but I could answer some questions immediately. The ball was a billiard ball specifically - but I can't have 'seen' it, as it was of no particular colour. The table was rectangular and wooden, but I think this is just my idea of a 'platonic' table. The person was a lady, but specifically the lady who was the last person to walk past me. Sometimes I feel as though an image flashes in my mind for a fraction of a second, but it is so ephemeral that even a detail such as the colour of the ball is beyond my grasp. It is so impossible to recall the image, that I can't be certain it even happened.
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Jen Robinson•recently•edited
I am fully a conceptualizer. I don't even attempt to see the ball or the table because I've never visualized things at will. But I did notice that when asked for more details about the ball and the table, my brain supplied a description of a white-ish ball with a blue star on it, on a square wooden table. I'm pretty sure that's an image from a picture book that I am remembering, though I'm not sure which one. I find I can usually remember pictures that I've seen in more detail than I can remember experiences.
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Neil Kimmelfield•recently•edited
I think the visualizer/conceptualizer distinction needs refinement. I am multi-sensory aphantasic in the sense that I have no sensory experience when I imagine things. However, I think more visually than conceptually. When I think “horse”, I don’t think of or about the various attributes of a horse. Rather, a horse appears in my imagination. It has no attributes of a visual image, but it has a presence. The closest analogy I can think of is seeing a horse in a field from a mile away when you have been told that there’s a horse, and no other animal, in the field. It’s too far away for you to have any visual information, except perhaps whether it’s stationary or moving, but you know you are “seeing a horse”. Now, think about that distant image being present in your mind as an object that’s much closer, but with no additional detail. That’s more or less what I perceive (without actually "seeing" even that vague image) when I think “horse”. When I imagine a table with a ball on it, I have very few details to offer (except that the table has legs and is not round), not even when I’m asked the specific questions. But when I do that act of imagining, there is a “table” object present in my mind, not merely a set of attributes and functions. When I say I think visually, my best example is trying to remember where a mislaid household object (e.g., keys or a wallet) is. I try to visualize (without seeing) where I last saw it and run through various possibilities until I have a sense of the object being present.
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smittythebearsr2cmo•recently•edited
I know the ball will fall and bounce. After prompting, I think of the ball being about 5 inches in diameter- a kid's play ball, and i really don't care about the color. I do not see anything when asked to visualize anything. I think of the characteristics, or bring up a memory of the person, place, thing, or event. I am starting to meditate, so I can visualize some things- shapes, shadows - during meditation.
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R SCOTT PERRY•recently•edited
I'm aphantastic. For me, I know the ball is about the size of a ping-pong ball, and the table is rectangular. I know nothing about the visuals (e.g. colors, brightness, etc.), nor do I hear anything (do non-aphants hear the ball hit the ground?). If I picture a ping pong ball in front of me, I see nothing other than what my eyes show me, but I know exactly how much size it takes up. If it is a basketball I "picture", again I do not see anything (and don't even realize it is orange unless asked), but it will take up more space in front of me. I just know it is there.
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Graham Stitz•recently•edited
I visualised/saw(?) a wooden table with a red plastic ball on it, and a nondescript person pushed it. Nondescript, because the ball was the centre of my focus, and the table secondary. If the Q were phrased differently, the focus would change.
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Gregor Legein•recently•edited
the ball on the table, to me, I imagined a flat surface or just a horizontal line with a brown circle on top. When I imagine someone touching the ball, I see nobody but the 2-dimensional ball rolls to the right.It's different when I read books (I'm a rally slow reader mainly reading eather technical manuals or phantasy novels -Terry Pratchett's diskworld is my favorite series) the writer puts in so many details, I can practically imagine being there.I love Agatha Christie but I can't read her books. The filmed versions are wonderfull. I should try audiobooks to see if it matters.
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Roy Hancock•recently•edited
I love the Discworld books, the original ones with Josh Kirby illustrations on the cover really helped me to see the characters. If you want to try audio books I would strongly recommend the radio series The hitch-hikers guide to the galaxy
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Leslie Schoeb•recently•edited
I might fit in a different category? I can “see” an image for a SPLIT SECOND and then it goes away and I can’t grasp it again. This isn’t captured in apple test or ball test.
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Michael Eisbrener•recently•edited
I'm a conceptualizer. I don't watch videos or spend much time listening to people ramble over and over. Most of whom I am near are visualizers. Their pictured worlds are heavily judged and assessed, also. I wonder ...
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Christian Melby•recently•edited
I can barely see a very vague table, no obvious legs, no floor, just a square table top. All very vague, no sharply defined edges. A circular something with no sharp edges, no highlights, no shading, no color, baseball-sized ball. No image of a person other than perhaps a ghostlike black outline. I know the person pushes the ball, but it does not move in my mind's eye. I know it might fall off, but it never moves in my mind's eye and I can't imagine what it looks like as it falls.
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Steve Katznelson•recently•edited
I just discovered that I have aphantasia. It definitely sucks, but the silver lining is that it hasn't harmed my career or relationships or love of life... and maybe has even helped.
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Jessica Griffiths•recently•edited
I discovered I have Aphantasia 4 days ago and I’m still reeling. I’m 64. I tried the ball on the table experiment and couldn’t answer the questions. I just ‘imagined’ it like a maths problem. I do have vivid dreams occasionally so I know what I’m missing and I’m gutted I don’t have this superpower. Every day now has a new bombshell. Today was my friend saying “you mean when you listen to audio books you can’t visualise the story?” Yup. That’s me
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Joni Elbourn•recently•edited
I discovered that I'm a global aphantasic with SDAM a few years ago at age 69 after reading an article I stumbled upon. My subsequent inquiries led me to the aphantasia network which has really helped me understand basically my whole life! So thank you for that. When asked about the ball I determined that there was a ball, I decided it would be blue, I decided there was a woman although I had no idea what she looked like nor did I have an inclination to decide, and that the table would be a card table that the ball would roll off of. Although I enjoy reading books that have a great deal of visual detail I personally like to keep descriptions of things very simple. Thanks so much for the valuable service you are providing to the community. I'm enjoying the research studies and dialogues immensely.
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Sarah Carrette•recently•edited
Well this was hilarious and I did laugh out loud at the baffling questions, especially the ones about the person! What I appear to do is to hold space for the idea of a ball on top of the space for the idea of a table with the idea of a human next to it who could push the ball. When asked about the ball, I said that because the ball is just an idea it could be any colour, texture, pattern or size you want it to be, and therefore I couldn’t supply any of the answers. The same for the table and the person. I didn’t visualise or imagine any of these details even when asked those specific questions. It’s purely a ‘blank’ concept. Logically I had reasoned that an imaginary ball could be a medium sized ball eg about the size of a basketball, and that logically the table wouldn’t need to be big in order to hold the ball. But these were just logical thoughts with no visuals or details.
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Mia Venetrix•recently•edited
For me, I can picture Vividly whatever ball I decide, being pushed by whoever, wearing whatever and on whatever kind of table, but I have to consciously Choose each one, otherwise it keeps flipping between all possible options for the concept I am picturing. for instance, take trying to draw an apple? simple enough, all apples look similar...but halfway through the drawing there is a bite out of the apple, now its a pie, maybe its still on the tree? or its rotten and got a worm sticking out of it. and trying to colour it is the worst because nothing Looks right until I decide Exactly what colours are Supposed to be where and set in stone what kind of apple it is because its impossible to capture the concept of All apples. another is a lake scene, just picturing waves lapping at the shore of a forested lake...but sometimes its winter, or there is a mountain in the background. oop there's a fish I have to hold onto each detail that i want to remain constant, and constantly repeat them until the image is solidified...and hope it doesn't slip
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Sarah Makin•recently•edited
This is almost exactly my same experience. I have been struggling to understand exactly how I'm supposed to be visualizing things during these questionnaires and experiments. I can picture a ball and a table and a human form rolling the ball off the table. They are average sized and shapes, but the details are not specific unless I choose to make them specific. When trying to visualize, "a sunrise" I can vividly see the sky and the colors and the clouds and the shadows, but what does the ground look like? I have to make a conscious choice, that component isn't just "there." And I can refer to visual memories, no problem. An apple? I can clearly see the last apple I saw. When I read, I can easily see the scenes as they're being described. If there isn't much description, I think how I'm imagining things is more conceptual. If something is described, I have it, if details are left out, then my brain allows the vagueness. Faces are the worst - I kinda skip that part? Not that I picture them faceless, but I don't have locked down details to picture consistently through seeing other scenes. But I keep the character description going, like, they're consistently the same build with the same hair and I can picture those characters in action. Not sure. I guess I'm on the spectrum.
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Marvin Sinnen•recently•edited
I saw a green Tennisball on that table which is shown at the top of this page. When it comes to who pushed it… well I saw myself reached out to that Tennisball on some elevated place. Can’t see that table nor that I pushed the ball.
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