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Aphantasia Logo
Aphantasia Logo

Building awareness and understanding of aphantasia through research, education, and community support.

About

  • What is Aphantasia?
  • What is Hyperphantasia?
  • Take Assessment
  • Getting Started
  • Newsletter
  • About Us
  • Contact

Community

  • Premium Membership
  • Find support
  • Discussions
  • Events
  • Visualize

For Professionals

  • Overview
  • Free Introduction
  • Counselor Training
  • Educator Training
  • List Your Practice
  • Pricing & Bundles

Resources

  • Articles & Stories
  • Videos & Interviews
  • Aphantasia Course
  • FAQs

Research

  • Research Library
  • Participate in Studies
  • Recruitment Services

© 2026 Aphantasia Network. All rights reserved.

  • Terms and Conditions
  • Privacy Policy

Cognition

How do people with aphantasia think without pictures? Often in words, concepts, or other non-visual patterns, without any apparent limit on thinking itself.

Cognition

How do people with aphantasia think without pictures? Often in words, concepts, or other non-visual patterns, without any apparent limit on thinking itself.

Aphantasia Logo
When Mental Images Get in the Way: How Aphantasia Reveals a Hidden Advantage in Reasoning
Video

When Mental Images Get in the Way: How Aphantasia Reveals a Hidden Advantage in Reasoning

New research from the University of Lyon suggests that people with aphantasia may actually reason faster on certain logic problems—a finding that challenges the long-held assumption that mental imagery helps us think.

recently
Imagination Beyond Mental Images
Article

Imagination Beyond Mental Images

Haiku is often called a visual snapshot, but as a poet with aphantasia, I see nothing in my mind's eye. For forty years, I thought "picturing it" was a metaphor. From childhood memory tricks to professional poetry, I’ve learned that a mind without images doesn't lack imagination—it just meets the world through a direct and powerful connection between attention, relationship, and the timing of perception.

recentlyby Mark Farrar
Reference

Aphantasia and Motor Imagery: A Step Further in Understanding Imagery and its Role in Motor Cognition

Aphantasics showed reduced right-brain activation and increased left middle frontal gyrus activity during motor imagery. This suggests they use compensatory semantic strategies, indicating mental imagery is not essential for motor cognition.

Peruski, A. (2026). Aphantasia and motor imagery: a step further in understanding imagery and its role in motor cognition. Journal of Neurophysiology. doi:10.1152/jn.00608.2025

recently
Rethinking Mental Imagery: Why Scientists Had It Wrong (And Why That's Good News)
Video

Rethinking Mental Imagery: Why Scientists Had It Wrong (And Why That's Good News)

For decades, neuroscientists assumed they understood mental imagery. Then people with aphantasia proved them wrong—and changed the future of consciousness research.

recently
Reference

The Aphantasia-Hyperphantasia spectrum

Aphantasia is not a monolithic condition but a heterogeneous spectrum with diverse underlying causes. Recognizing this complexity helps researchers better understand the interpersonal differences in imagery vividness across the entire population.

Nanay, B. (2025). The aphantasia-hyperphantasia spectrum. Neuropsychologia, 109293. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109293

recently
thinking in pictures
Article

Thinking in Pictures Isn’t All That: We Are All Beautifully Unique

What was your reaction when you first discovered others were thinking in pictures while you weren't? This jarring revelation led designer Shane Williams on a 25-year journey exploring cognitive differences. His research shows that studying and embracing how differently we all think opens up new worlds of patience, understanding, and acceptance.

recentlyby Shane Williams
Reference

Absence of shared representation in the visual cortex challenges unconscious imagery in aphantasia

Neural activity in aphantasia during imagery tasks lacks the perception-like representational overlap found in typical imagers. This suggests that neural activity in aphantasics reflects alternative non-perceptual strategies rather than unconscious mental imagery.

Scholz, C. O., Monzel, M., & Liu, J. (2025). Absence of shared representation in the visual cortex challenges unconscious imagery in aphantasia. Current Biology, 35(13), R645–R646. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.05.009

recently
Reference

Beyond words: Examining the role of mental imagery for the Stroop effect by contrasting aphantasics and controls

Aphantasics showed a reduced Stroop effect for accuracy compared to controls, though response times remained similar. This suggests that mental imagery contributes to the interference between words and colors by competing with actual perception.

Monzel, M., Rademacher, J., Krempel, R., & Reuter, M. (2025). Beyond words: examining the role of mental imagery for the stroop effect by contrasting aphantasics and controls. Cognition, 259, 106120. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106120

recently
Reference

Aphantasia, Unsymbolized Thinking and Conscious Thought

Aphantasia and unsymbolized thinking demonstrate that conscious thoughts do not necessarily involve mental images. This challenges the view that phenomenal consciousness is always imagistic and suggests thoughts can be non-imagistic.

Krempel, R. (2025). Aphantasia, unsymbolized thinking and conscious thought. Erkenntnis, 90(2), 605–624. doi:10.1007/s10670-023-00706-2

recently
Discussion

Thinking Categories and Kinesthetic Thinking

recentlyJulian

How do you conceptualize movement and processes without visual imagery? Share your unique experiences and insights on kinesthetic thinking!

Discussion

Mind Processing Area for no images

recentlyJoseph

Curious about others' mental processing spaces? How do you navigate thoughts without visual imagery? Share your experiences!

token thinking, type thinking, abstract thinking
Article

The Power of Abstract Thinking in Aphantasia

The concept of 'tokens' and 'types' helped me understand how we think differently: visualizers use specific imagery, while aphantasics excel in abstract thinking.

recentlyby Tom Ebeyer
ball on a table, ball on the table, conceptualizer, visualizer
Article

Are You a Visualizer or Conceptualizer? The Ball on a Table Test

The Ball on a Table experiment is a simple visualization test that reveals whether you think in pictures (visualizer) or concepts (conceptualizer). This revealing experiment, originally credited to u/Caaaarrrl, takes less than a minute but provides profound insights into how your mind processes information.

recentlyby Aphantasia Network and
visualiser's fallacy
Article

The Visualizer’s Fallacy

Understanding the hidden assumptions that lead to biases against aphantasics’ cognitive abilities.

recentlyby Christian Scholz
When Your Brain Runs in Reverse: A Neuroscientist's Journey Through Aphantasia
Video

When Your Brain Runs in Reverse: A Neuroscientist's Journey Through Aphantasia

What happens when a neuroscientist studying visual hallucinations discovers he can't visualize at all? Mac Shine's personal revelation led to groundbreaking insights about how our brains create—and fail to create—mental imagery.

recently
The Language Game of Visualization: Why Aphantasics Don't Need Mental Images to Imagine
Video

The Language Game of Visualization: Why Aphantasics Don't Need Mental Images to Imagine

How a philosopher's investigation into a simple paradox—people who can't visualize yet excel at "visual" tasks—led him to challenge centuries of assumptions about imagination, mental images, and the nature of thought itself.

recently
Are People with Aphantasia Verbal Thinkers?
Video

Are People with Aphantasia Verbal Thinkers?

Julia Simner addresses a common misconception that aphantasics must be verbal thinkers in this presentation from the 2021 Extreme Imagination Conference.

recently
Discussion

Do you think in words?

recentlyIan

Do others create complex mental models without relying on words, or is this way of thinking unique to some?

Discussion

Thinking: Visual vs Abstract vs Verbal vs Logic vs Connective vs Kinesthetic etc.

recentlyWill

Exploring the interplay of visualization, abstraction, and logic reveals diverse cognitive processes—each shaping unique thought experiences.

Discussion

How aphantasia effects the way we think and how that differ’s from those who don’t have aphantasia

recentlyRiley

How does lacking mental imagery shape our thought processes and problem-solving skills compared to those who visualize concepts?

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