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Aphantasia presenting as Cotard’s syndrome

Ravindren, R., R, R. S., & Veedu, P. T. (2026). Aphantasia presenting as cotard’s syndrome. Discover Neuroscience, 21(1). doi:10.1186/s13064-026-00237-w

Abstract

Aphantasia is defined as the absence or marked reduction of conscious, wakeful imagery. Most of the people with aphantasia live normal lives with intact attention, memory, and intelligence. We are presenting a case of acquired aphantasia presenting as Cotard’s syndrome. A 55-year-old woman presented with a long-standing complaint that she had lost her mind. Formal testing showed absence of visual and sensory imagery and poor theory of mind skills. MRI brain showed subcortical and deep cerebral white matter lesions in the bilateral frontal and parietal lobes. This patient raises the question of how a person subjectively knows that he or she has a mind. And how the clinician can understand whether a person is having a subjective experience of mind-the philosophical problem of other minds.

Authors

  • Rajith Ravindren1
  • Ratheesh S R1
  • Prasad Thotton Veedu1

What This Study Is About

Researchers looked at a unique case of a woman who felt she had "lost her mind" to see if her inability to picture things in her head was the reason behind this strange feeling.

How They Studied It

This was a "case study," which means researchers focused deeply on just one person—a 55-year-old woman. They gave her several tests, including questionnaires about mental imagery (the ability to picture things in your mind), memory puzzles, and an MRI scan to take a high-tech look at her brain.

What They Found

The woman had total aphantasia. When asked to rate how vivid her mental pictures were, she gave the lowest possible score every time. She couldn't "see" a sunset or "hear" a song in her head.
  • Mental Gymnastics: She couldn't do "mental rotation"—like trying to imagine the letter 'b' flipping over to become a 'd' in her mind.
  • Dreaming vs. Waking: Surprisingly, she still had vivid dreams! This suggests her brain could still create images automatically while she slept, even if she couldn't do it on purpose while awake.
  • Brain Scars: The MRI showed small areas of damage in the front and middle parts of her brain, which act like the "control centers" for thinking and attention.

What This Might Mean

The study suggests that for some people, the "mind's eye" is so central to their identity that losing it feels like losing their entire soul. Because she could no longer "see" her own thoughts, she developed a rare condition called Cotard’s syndrome, where a person believes they no longer exist.
A note of caution: Since this was a study of only one person who had brain damage, we can't say this applies to everyone. Most people with aphantasia are born that way and live totally normal, happy lives! This case suggests that *suddenly* losing imagery later in life might be much more distressing for the brain.

One Interesting Detail

Even though the woman was convinced her mind had "disappeared," she could still recognize her own face in a mirror and use the word "I" when speaking. Her "self" was still there; she just couldn't visualize it anymore!
This summary was generated by AI and may contain errors. Always refer to the original paper for accuracy.