Dreams
Most people with aphantasia do still dream, though often less vivid and less frequent than typical dreamers. Some dream in images they can't recreate while awake.
Most people with aphantasia do still dream, though often less vivid and less frequent than typical dreamers. Some dream in images they can't recreate while awake.
Most people with aphantasia do still dream, though often less vivid and less frequent than typical dreamers. Some dream in images they can't recreate while awake.
Vividness ratings robustly capture a wide range of subjective experiences, from internal mental depictions to externally projected imagery. This suggests aphantasia should be redefined to distinguish between faint imagery and a total lack of pictorial representation.
Schwarzkopf, D. S., Yu, X. A., Altan, E., Bouyer, L. N., Saurels, B. W., Pellicano, E., & Arnold, D. H. (2026). Vividness of mental imagery reflects a broad range of internally generated visual experiences. Royal Society Open Science, 13(3). doi:10.1098/rsos.251887

This piece explores recently published philosophical research on Alexander of Aphrodisias (c. 200 AD) and its relevance to understanding aphantasia. While ancient philosophers couldn't have known about cognitive diversity as we understand it today, their assumptions about universal mental processes help us appreciate how differently minds can work.
Aphantasia is not a monolithic condition, as many individuals retain involuntary imagery like dreams despite lacking voluntary control. This suggests that mental imagery relies on multiple distinct processes that can break down independently.
Nanay, B. (2025). Mental imagery, predictive processing, aphantasia, and the interaction between philosophy and cognitive science: responses to <scp>amy kind</scp>, <scp>christian scholz</scp>, and <scp>neil van leeuwen</scp>. Mind & Language, 40(3), 333–340. doi:10.1111/mila.12561
The imagination theory of dreaming explains how dreams use temporal segmentation and mental labeling to determine content. This suggests that dreams are a form of sensory imagining rather than hallucinations or beliefs.
Gregory, D. (2024). Content determination in dreams supports the imagination theory. Philosophical Studies, 181(11), 3037–3057. doi:10.1007/s11098-024-02250-3
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